Somba Opu Fort in Gowa, South Sulawesi, is a symbol of the glory of the Gowa Kingdom, with its history, magnificent architecture, and rich cultural attractions.
Somba Opu Fort is a historical relic located in Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Built in the 16th century, this fort reflects the glory of the Gowa Kingdom, one of the strongest maritime kingdoms in the archipelago at that time.
Not only being a center of government and trade, Somba Opu Fort also played an important role in defense against foreign invasions, especially from the VOC (Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie).
Today, the fort is a fascinating historical tourist destination, offering insight into a glorious past.
History of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort was founded in 1525 by the 9th King of Gowa, Daeng Matanre Karaeng Tumapa’risi’ Kallonna.
Built on the banks of the Jene’berang River, the location of this fort is very strategic because it connected the busy maritime trade routes at that time. This fort not only served as a defense center, but also as a center of government and spice trade.
The successors of King Daeng Matanre, such as Karaeng Tunipalangga Ulaweng and Sultan Hasanuddin, strengthened the function of this fort.
During the reign of Sultan Hasanuddin, Somba Opu Fort became a symbol of resistance against VOC colonialism. The struggle to defend this fort reached its peak in 1669, when the VOC succeeded in capturing and destroying the fort after a fierce battle.
After being destroyed, the fort sank beneath the tide and was forgotten for centuries. In the 1980s, the site was rediscovered by archaeologists, and reconstruction was carried out in 1990.
Now, Somba Opu Fort is one of the proofs of the greatness of the Gowa Kingdom that can still be witnessed by the current generation.
Architecture and Structure of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort was built using advanced architectural techniques for its time. The area of this fort is around 1,500 hectares, with a rectangular shape surrounded by walls 7 to 8 meters high and around 3.6 meters thick.
The walls are made of red bricks arranged very neatly, showing the skill of the builders. Inside the fort complex, there are several bastions (watchtowers) which are used to monitor enemy movements.
One of the main attractions of this fort is a large cannon measuring 9 meters long and weighing 9,500 kilograms, which is a symbol of the military power of the Gowa Kingdom.
This cannon was one of the largest weapons of its time and demonstrated the defensive technological capabilities of the kingdom.
Function and Role of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort had various important functions during its heyday:
1. Defense Center
This fort was designed to protect the Gowa Kingdom from enemy attacks, both from sea and land. With thick walls and watchtowers, this fort was a very formidable defensive fortress.
2. Center of Government
As the center of government of the Gowa Kingdom, this fort was the residence of the king and his family, as well as the center of the kingdom’s administration.
3. Trading Center
Its location at the mouth of the Jene’berang River makes Somba Opu Fort a busy trading port. Ships from various countries, including Portuguese, Chinese and Arab, stopped here to trade spices.
4. Location of Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort is located in Benteng Somba Opu Village, Barombong District, Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. The location is only about 30 minutes from the center of Makassar City.
If you come from Sultan Hasanuddin Airport, the trip to this fort takes about 1 to 2 hours, depending on traffic conditions in Makassar.
Tourist Attractions at Somba Opu Fort
In addition to its historical value, Somba Opu Fort has various other attractions that make it an interesting tourist spot. Here are some of its main attractions:
1. The Magnificent Fort
The fort itself is the main attraction. Visitors can see the remains of the original structure of the fort that have been reconstructed.
The sturdy red brick walls are a silent witness to the struggle of the Gowa Kingdom against colonialism. Within the fort complex, there are several areas that show the fort’s original function as a center of defense and government.
2. Traditional Houses of South Sulawesi
In the Somba Opu Fort complex, visitors can also find replicas of traditional houses from various tribes in South Sulawesi, including traditional houses of Makassar, Bugis, Toraja, and Mandar.
Each traditional house has its own characteristics, especially in the roof design and building structure. These houses not only function as cultural exhibition venues, but are also often used for various arts and cultural activities.
3. History Museum
A museum located in the fort area is a place to store and exhibit various historical artifacts. The museum’s collection includes weapons such as cannons, nails, spears, and bullets, as well as other objects such as ancient currency used during the Gowa Kingdom.
One of the most striking artifacts is a large cannon placed at the entrance to the museum.
4. Cultural Uniqueness at Somba Opu Fort
Somba Opu Fort not only provides insight into the history of the Gowa Kingdom, but is also a place to experience the rich culture of South Sulawesi.
Through traditional houses, art performances, and cultural exhibitions that are often held here, visitors can understand more deeply about the traditions and lives of the local people.
5. Experience of Visiting Somba Opu Fort
Visiting Somba Opu Fort is an experience rich in knowledge and appreciation of the history of the archipelago. Visitors can explore the fort, see traditional houses, and see historical artifacts in the museum.
In addition, the atmosphere around the fort is beautiful with shady trees creating a calm atmosphere that is perfect for a leisurely walk.
Somba Opu Fort is a symbol of the glory and resistance of the Gowa Kingdom against colonialism. With its magnificent architecture, deep history, and rich cultural appeal, this fort is a must-visit tourist destination in South Sulawesi.
In addition to being a place to learn history, Somba Opu Fortress also offers a unique cultural experience, making it an attractive destination for both local and international tourists.
As a silent witness to past civilizations, Rotterdam Fortress reminds us of the importance of preserving cultural heritage for future generations.
